Tomas Nashongo
Decoloniality, a response to the lingering effects of colonialism, seeks to emancipate societies from the pervasive influence of colonialism and its lasting impacts. As defined by Ndlovu- decoloniality involves the deepening of decolonization efforts in regions that endured the slave trade, imperialism, colonialism, apartheid, and neocolonialism. The concept not only aims to liberate these regions from colonial rule but also to detach them from entrenched Western ideologies and influences. This essay examines the state of decoloniality in Namibia by exploring the transition from colonialism to decoloniality and analyzing the remnants of colonialism within the country’s power structures, knowledge systems, and identity.
Colonialism in Africa was characterized by domination, segregation, and the alienation of indigenous peoples from their land and rights. This phenomenon was most evident during the 1884-1885 Berlin Conference, where European powers divided African territories among themselves, disregarding the sovereignty and self-determination of African nations. Colonialism in Namibia, as in other African states, involved the seizure of land, the exploitation of resources, and the imposition of foreign governance systems. Fanon described colonialism as a form of domination enforced through violence and racism, which sought to reorder the world of indigenous peoples, stripping them of their cultural identities and economic autonomy.
The legacy of colonialism in Namibia persists in the form of coloniality. As articulated by Quijano , coloniality refers to the enduring patterns of power that emerged from colonialism and continue to shape modern societies. This “colonial software” remains embedded within Namibia’s political, social, and economic systems, influencing contemporary governance and social orders. Despite gaining independence, Namibia’s legal and political structures still reflect Eurocentric models imposed during the colonial era. The Westminster system of government, for example, remains a cornerstone of Namibia’s legal framework, despite its origins in a vastly different context.
Coloniality of power is evident in Namibia’s continued reliance on foreign legal and political systems. The Namibian legal system is an amalgamation of Roman-Dutch common law, customary law, and international law, none of which are indigenous to the region .This reliance on foreign systems creates a dependency on international approval and undermines Namibia’s ability to develop its own governance structures. The Westminster system, in particular, fails to accommodate the unique cultural and social dynamics of Namibia, such as the role of traditional leaders and customary law, which remain deeply rooted in the country’s diverse ethnic groups.
In addition to the coloniality of power, Namibia also experiences coloniality of being. This concept refers to the cultural and psychological impacts of colonialism, which have eroded indigenous identities and cultural practices. The “cultural bomb,” as described by Ndlovu-Gatsheni annihilates a people’s belief in their own heritage, leading to a loss of cultural identity and self-worth. In Namibia, this is reflected in the erosion of traditional naming systems and other cultural practices that once connected individuals to their heritage and lineage. Over time, the influence of Westernization has led to the gradual erosion of these cultural foundations, weakening the sense of identity among Namibia’s indigenous populations.
In conclusion, the state of decoloniality in Namibia reveals the deep and persistent influence of colonialism on the country’s power structures, cultural identity, and social orders. Despite efforts to achieve decolonization, Namibia continues to grapple with the legacy of colonialism, particularly in the form of coloniality of power and being. To truly achieve decoloniality, Namibia must not only undo the visible remnants of colonial rule but also address the underlying colonial software that continues to shape its political, legal, and cultural systems. This requires a concerted effort to reclaim and restore indigenous knowledge, governance practices, and cultural identities, paving the way for a truly decolonized Namibia.
Tomas Nashongo, a recent graduate from the University of Namibia, is actively seeking employment opportunities. Driven and ambitious, he is eager to apply his skills and knowledge to make a meaningful impact in the professional world. He can be reached thomasNashongo@gmail.com
